In 1909, President William Howard Taft named the area Mukuntuweap National Monument in order to protect the canyon. Mormons came into the area in 1858 and settled there in the early 1860s. Both groups moved away by 1300 and were replaced by the Parrusits and several other Southern Paiute subtribes. 500) and the Parowan Fremont group developed as the Basketmakers settled in permanent communities. Subsequently, what has been called the Virgin Anasazi culture ( c. Human habitation of the area started about 8,000 years ago with small family groups of Native Americans, one of which was the semi-nomadic Basketmaker Ancestral Puebloans (who used to be called Anasazi by early non-indigenous archeologists ) ( c. 300 CE). The canyon walls are reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone eroded by the North Fork of the Virgin River. A prominent feature of the 229-square-mile (590 km 2) park is Zion Canyon, which is 15 miles (24 km) long and up to 2,640 ft (800 m) deep. The lowest point in the park is 3,666 ft (1,117 m) at Coalpits Wash and the highest peak is 8,726 ft (2,660 m) at Horse Ranch Mountain. Zion National Park includes mountains, canyons, buttes, mesas, monoliths, rivers, slot canyons, and natural arches. Numerous plant species as well as 289 species of birds, 75 mammals (including 19 species of bat), and 32 reptiles inhabit the park's four life zones: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest. Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert regions, the park has a unique geography and a variety of life zones that allow for unusual plant and animal diversity. Zion National Park is an American national park located in southwestern Utah near the town of Springdale. Washington, Kane, and Iron counties, Utah, United States Location in United States Show map of the United States
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